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Welcome to Scotland

Adjectives & Adverbs

Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns: enormous, doglike, smart e.g. She wore a beautiful hat to the pie-eating contest. Her hat was beautiful

Adjectives come in three forms: absolute, comparative, and superlative. Absolute adjectives describe something in its own right. A cool guy A messy desk A mischievous cat

as … as – "такий … як і", Jane is as tall as John. not as … as / not so … as – "не такий … як". John is not as tall as Arnie.

e.g. clean-cleaner-the cleanest busy-busier-the busiest hot-hotter-the hottest difficult- more difficult- the most difficult

narrow – narrower/more narrow – the narrowest/the most narrow shallow – shallower/more shallow – the shallowest/the most shallow quiet – quieter/more quiet – the quietest/the most quiet

much, a lot, far e.g. Let's go by plane. It's much faster and much more comfortable. a little, a bit, slightly My brother is a little taller and slightly more intelligent than yours.

More and more people were coming. He was getting older and older. This report wasn't any better than the previous one. You are no better than me. The sooner you'll start, the sooner you'll finish. The richer you are the more difficult your life is.

An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a VERB (he sings loudly), an adjective (very tall), another adverb (ended too quickly), or even a whole sentence (Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella). 

Adjectives vs. Adverbs Linking verbs, such as feel, smell, sound, seem, and appear, typically need adjectives, not adverbs. That cow is happy. It smells gross in the locker room. Driving is faster than walking.

Goober smells badly. = Goober, the poor thing, has a weak sense of smell. Goober smells bad.= Goober stinks — poor us.

She looked at him angrily (adv.). She looked angry (adj).

Feel, taste and smell can only be put in continuous tenses when they are voluntary: - What are you smelling? - The cook is tasting the soup. - I'm feeling the material to see if it is soft enough. For involuntary actions, they can never be used in continuous tenses: - This smells awful. - My mum's food tastes delicious. - This blanket feels so soft!

1. "___________________ Mary tonight?" "Yes, we're going out for dinner"  Can you see  Are you seeing  Do you see 2. I love curry. It tastes...  delicious  deliciously 3. This violin sounds  wonderful  wonderfully 4. I love this perfume. It _____________ so fresh!  is smelling  smells 5. _______________ the moon right now?  Can you see  Are you seeing

6. Open the window, please! It feels ___________ in this room.  as if an oven  like an oven 7. I love my new sweater. It feels so _______________.  soft  softly 8. You look as if _________________.  tired  tiring  you are tired  tiredly 9. Abortion is an issue people feel ____________ about  strong  strongly 10. This shampoo smells _____________.  like coconut  coconut  as if coconut  wonderfully

An Absolute adverb describes something in its own right: He smiled warmly  A hastily written note

Adverb "fast": Jim, Rosa, and Phil can run very fast. Rosa runs faster than Jim. Phil runs (the) fastest of them all. Adjective "fast": I would like to have a faster car. His reaction was faster than mine. Adverb "hard": Tom works harder than Don. Pete works (the) hardest of anyone I know. Adjective "hard": Her work is becoming harder and harder. It is the hardest work she has ever done.

MOST + adverb (often) = "very, extremely". She articulated her ideas most clearly. He listened to her most attentively.

Confusing Adverbs HARD is also an ADVERB of the adjective "hard". It means to do something with a lot of effort. She works hard. HARDLY is an adverb and means only just or certainly not.  The teacher spoke so quietly I could hardly (only just) hear her.

 FREE means ‘without paying’ and FREELY means ‘without restriction’.  Green Forest teachers study here free (for free – without paying).  In Green Forest everyone can express herself/himself freely (there are no limitations!) DEEP is an adverb meaning “going far down or in. DEEPLY – is often used to describe emotions, psychological effect I dag very deep to find out the truth. They felt the loss deeply. BAD is an adjective used to modify nouns and pronouns. She was in a bad accident. BADLY is an adverb that answers how about the verb. She was hurt badly in the accident.

Example: 87 Orchard Rise, Bishops Castle, Oxfordshire. Mr Michael Cartwright                                                   September 15, 2001 World Aid, Palmers House, Ludford. Dear Mr Cartwright, I am writing to apply for the job of volunteer worker which I saw advertised in The Guardian last week. I would be interested in teaching maths to primary children in your camp in Chittagong in Bangladesh. I enclose a copy of my CV. I am 18 years old and I have just finished secondary school in Newcastle. I would like to work for you because I am very interested in teaching. I would also like to learn about a different culture as I feel that intercultural understanding is extremely important. I am a hard-working and committed person. I have participated for the last three years in a voluntary programme, Community Links, visiting elderly people in my local area. I also feel that I can get on well with people from other cultural backgrounds, since I have also taught immigrant children English at our church school. I think I would be a good primary teacher of maths due to my teaching experience. Also, I have recently passed my Maths 'A' level (grade B), so I have a good understanding of the subject. In addition, I hold a certificate in first aid, which might be useful. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Ms Maureen Taylor